In this chapter, we study a binary search tree data structure, the
.
This structure is based on the common wisdom that, when something goes
wrong, the first thing we should do is find someone to blame it on (the
scapegoat). Once blame is firmly established, we can leave the
scapegoat to fix the problem.
A
keeps itself balanced by partial rebuilding
operations. During a partial rebuilding operation, an entire subtree is
deconstructed and rebuilt into a perfectly balanced subtree. There are
many ways of rebuilding a subtree rooted at node
into a perfectly
balanced tree. One of the simplest is to traverse
's subtree,
gathering all its nodes into an array
and then to recursively
build a balanced subtree using
. If we let
,
then the element
becomes the root of the new subtree,
get stored recursively in the left subtree
and
get stored recursively in the
right subtree.
void rebuild(Node *u) { int ns = BinaryTree<Node>::size(u); Node *p = u->parent; Node **a = new Node*[ns]; packIntoArray(u, a, 0); if (p == nil) { r = buildBalanced(a, 0, ns); r->parent = nil; } else if (p->right == u) { p->right = buildBalanced(a, 0, ns); p->right->parent = p; } else { p->left = buildBalanced(a, 0, ns); p->left->parent = p; } delete[] a; } int packIntoArray(Node *u, Node **a, int i) { if (u == nil) { return i; } i = packIntoArray(u->left, a, i); a[i++] = u; return packIntoArray(u->right, a, i); }A call to